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Key terms: vii pope gregory papal hildebrand bishops henry iv excommunication papacy salerno princes gregory vii clergy gregorius vii zvonimir worms german king simony legate lateran deposed guibert antipope celibacy henry iii absolution deposition nicholas ii gregorio vii reconciliation ecclesiastical robert guiscard holy roman emperor against gregory penance pontiff clement iii archdeacon gregor vii saxons obedience synod king henry canossa paus gregorius vii pope gregory vii investiture controversy acknowledge alexander ii rudolph of swabia Search external links cited by footnotes on Wikipedia page Pope Gregory VII: |
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