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Key terms: mamluk egypt sultan caliph pasha sayf ottoman ruler ud din qutuz cairo saif mongols aybak acre kipchaks baibars abbasid citadel ahmad hajji homs umar baghdad ghulam decree nasir hasan damascus sennar hulagu shaban janissaries samarra privileges bahri dynasty first reign imperial guard ottoman empire second reign mamluk system ibn qalawun mamluk corps mamluk ruler mameluke sword mamluk studies mamluk dynasty abbasid caliph mamluk sultanate francisco de goya Search external links cited by footnotes on Wikipedia page Mamluk: |
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