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Key terms: plants carbon cells pathway enzyme pep rubisco atp step acid cam around anatomy mesophyll pyruvate leaf loss carbon fixation differ mechanism malate species energy higher carbon dioxide bundle sheath operate photosynthesis chloroplasts photorespiration requires carboxylase transported advantage evolution substrate adenosine conditions rather than calvin cycle oxaloacetate kranz anatomy around rubisco decarboxylation bundle sheath cells Search external links cited by footnotes on Wikipedia page C4 carbon fixation: |
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